Approximately 9.9 million individuals are estimated to develop dementia each year, and the number of people with dementia worldwide is predicted to increase to 75 million by 2030. Public health strategies to screen for AD more actively in the underweight population and improve their weight status may help reduce the burden of AD.ĭementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive cognitive decline, behavioral disturbances, and significant interference in the ability to maintain activities of daily living 1. Late-life BMI showed a significant inverse relationship with AD risk, especially in the underweight population. In the underweight population, AD risk increased as the degree of thinness increased ( p for the trend, < .001). Relative to the normal-weight population, the estimated adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for incident AD in the underweight, overweight, and obese populations was 1.17 (95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.24), 0.90 (0.87–0.93), and 0.83 (0.80–0.85), respectively. During the 10-year follow-up period, 22,279 individuals developed AD. To evaluate the association between BMI and AD risk, the underweight population was further subdivided according to the degree of thinness. The risk of AD according to BMI category (kg/m 2) in Asians was evaluated using a multivariable Cox regression model, after adjustments for age, sex, lifestyle, low-income status, and comorbidities. A large population-based cohort study of 148,534 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the national health screening program from 2002 to 2005 was performed using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-Senior cohort database 2006–2015. Existing data for the association between late-life body mass index (BMI) and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in the underweight population are limited with conflicting results.

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